Understanding Lumbar Discectomy

Posted On: 03-10-2017

When one of the spongy discs that cushion the spine becomes damaged, it may press on a nearby nerve root. With discs in the lower (lumbar) spine, the resulting pain is often felt in the thighs, hips, or legs. If conservative treatments such as the use of medication and the application of heat or ice fail to provide relief, a lumbar discectomy may be recommended as a solution.

Before a Lumbar Discectomy

Prior to surgery, image tests will be done to determine if disc pressure is the main source of lower back or radiating nerve pain. The problem disc will then be identified. Additional testing and evaluation may include:

A neurological check
Range of motion tests
Lumbar spinal exam

How a Lumbar Discectomy is Performed

A lumbar herniated disc may be removed with a traditional open procedure or with more minimally invasive procedures. It's usually performed as a microdiscectomy, a less disruptive approach to disc removal. During this procedure, smaller incisions are made and a special type of live X-ray is used to guide the neurologist to the correct location. A small piece of bone (lamina) is sometimes removed to allow access to the disc. Patients often benefit from a shorter hospital stay and a faster recovery period with less invasive techniques.

After a Lumbar Discectomy

Patients are encouraged to begin walking as soon as possible to keep spine-supporting muscles engaged. After the initial healing after surgery, patients will be encouraged to actively participate in physical therapy to further improve mobility. Return to all normal activities often takes several weeks or months, depending on how well a patient is responding to follow-up therapy.

Lumbar Discectomy and Fusion

A spinal fusion may be necessary if removal of the disc makes the spine unstable. Fusion surgery involves the insertion of hardware to maintain the stability of the spine until bone graft material "fuses" adjacent vertebra together. In some situations, an artificial disc may be used as a replacement for the problem disc that was removed. If this is the case, a spinal fusion isn't necessary.

Discectomies are among the most common types of spine surgeries performed in the United States. Because of this, many patients will reach a point where their pain is either entirely gone or better managed. Taking steps such as improving posture and enjoying a nutrient-rich diet can also help restore muscle strength and improve flexibility in the lower back.

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